含水率变化下压实路基土动态回弹模量试验研究与预估模型

路基土动态回弹模量MR是路面设计和使用性能评价采用的关键参数,运营期间受含水率变化影响显著。以压实红黏土为研究对象,制备了6个不同含水率和3种不同压实度的试样,采用滤纸法测试了不同状态下的基质吸力,并通过动三轴试验研究了含水率、压实度、动偏应力和围压对动态回弹模量的影响。试验结果表明:MR随压实度、围压的增大而增大,随动偏应力增大呈非线性减小;MR随含水率增大急剧降低,从最佳含水率增加4.5%时,不同压实度下MR均降低约50%,动偏应力和压实度对MR的影响随含水率增大逐渐减弱;MR随含水率和饱和度的变化规律与土性显著相关,而不同土样的MR随基质吸力变化趋势基本一致。进而引入基质吸力,建立了综合考虑含水率和应力水平影响的压实路基土MR预估模型,通过本文和文献试验数据证实了该模型的适用性,并基于13种土样的试验结果建立了模型参数与物性指标之间的经验关系。     

桥梁橡胶支座安装中常见质量问题的预防

以橡胶支座为例，针对桥梁支座安装施工中常见的质量问题进行了总结，并提出了预防要点，对指导桥梁支座安装、确保支座安装质量有一定意义。     

Perception of cabin air quality in airline crew related to air humidification, on intercontinental flights

The influence of air humidification in aircraft, on perception of cabin air quality among airline crew (N = 71) was investigated. In-flight investigations were performed in the forward part and in the aft part on eight intercontinental flights with one Boeing 767 individually, equipped with an evaporation humidifier combined with a dehumidifying unit, to reduce accumulation of condensed water in the wall construction. Four flights had the air humidification active when going out, and turned off on the return flight. The four others had the inverse humidification sequence. The sequences were randomized, and double blind. Air humidification increased relative air humidity (RH) by 10% in forward part, and by 3% in aft part of the cabin and in the cockpit. When the humidification device was active, the cabin air was perceived as being less dry (P = 0.008), and fresher (P = 0.002). The mean concentration of viable bacteria (77-108 cfu/m(3)), viable molds (74-84 cfu/m(3)), and respirable particles (1-8 microg/m3) was low, both during humidified and non-humidified flights. On flights with air humidification, there were less particles in the forward part of the aircraft (P = 0.01). In conclusion, RH can be slightly increased by using ceramic evaporation humidifier, without any measurable increase of microorganisms in cabin air. The cabin air quality was perceived as being better with air humidification. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: Relative air humidity is low (10-20%) during intercontinental flights, and can be increased by using ceramic evaporation humidifier, without any measurable increase of microorganism in cabin air. Air humidification could increase the sensation of better cabin air quality.     

Risk of sick leave associated with outdoor air supply rate, humidification, and occupant complaints

We analyzed 1994 sick leave for 3,720 hourly employees of a large Massachusetts manufacturer, in 40 buildings with 115 independently ventilated work areas. Corporate records identified building characteristics and IEQ complaints. We rated ventilation as moderate (approximately 25 cfm/person, 12 ls-1) or high (approximately 50 cfm/person, 24 ls-1) outdoor air supply based on knowledge of ventilation systems and CO2 measurements on a subset of work areas, and used Poisson regression to analyze sick leave controlled for age, gender, seniority, hours of non-illness absence, shift, ethnicity, crowding, and type of job (office, technical, or manufacturing worker). We found consistent associations of increased sick leave with lower levels of outdoor air supply and IEQ complaints. Among office workers, the relative risk for short-term sick leave was 1.53 (95% confidence 1.22-1.92) with lower ventilation, and 1.52 (1.18-1.97) in areas with IEQ complaints. The effect of ventilation was independent of IEQ complaints and among those exposed to lower outdoor air supply rates the attributable risk of short-term sick leave was 35%. The cost of sick leave attributable to ventilation at current recommended rates was estimated as $480 per employee per year at Polaroid. These findings suggest that net savings of $400 per employee per year may be obtained with increased ventilation. Thus, currently recommended levels of outdoor air supply may be associated with significant morbidity, and lost productivity on a national scale could be as much as $22.8 billion per year. Additional studies of IEQ impacts on productivity and sick leave, and the mechanisms underlying the apparent association are needed.     

通信基站监控系统的设计

通信基站监控系统的设计是集计算机技术、通信技术和测控技术的综合应用.该系统实现了对通信基站设备工作状况、工作环境的实时监测,提高了基站安全保障与工作的有效性,也提高了通信网络设备的现代化管理水平.对通信基站监控系统在实现过程中遇到的若干关键问题进行了较为详细的分析并给出了解决方案.     

抱箍法在现浇箱梁施工中关键技术分析

分析了抱箍基本结构和螺栓的排列应用,详细分析了抱箍法在现浇箱梁施工中的关键工艺及关键技术,以期为行业发展献言献策。     

地下工程合同管理形式的对比分析

本文在回顾国际隧协近年来在地下工程合同管理有关工作报告的基础上 ,重点对比研究了目前比较流行的合同管理形式 ,并对三种主要的付款方式作了比较分析 ,对以上合同管理形式的有关风险管理内容也作了一些介绍     

植筋和粘钢技术在加固工程中的实际应用

植筋和粘钢技术已在各类改扩建、加固工程中得到广泛应用.着重论述针对同截面植筋的几个注意事项,提出应在今后的类似工程中参考应用.     

Thermal radiative protection of fire fighters' protective clothing

A method for measuring the thermal radiative protection of actual fire fighters' garments to an incident radiative heat flux of 8.4 kW/m² is described. Typical results obtained with several conventional and prototype garments are presented. These results indicate the time to pain, and second degree burn as well as the pain alarm time. The thermal inertia of the garments is also measured based upon burn exposure time. Differences in physical properties such as garment thickness, total weight and number of layers are examined in order to establish the existence of any correlations.Issued as NRCC 26171. Reference: M. Day and P. Z. Sturgeon, Thermal Radiative Protection of Fire Fighters' Protective Clothing,Fire Technology, Vol. 23, No. 1, February 1987, p. 49.     

Aflatoxin and PAH exposure biomarkers in a U.S. population with a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is significantly elevated in a Hispanic community in Bexar County, Texas. Chronic exposure to dietary aflatoxins (AFs) is a major risk factor for HCC; increased risk has been linked to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) co-exposure and hepatitis virus infection. The aims of this study were to assess AF and PAH exposures, investigate dietary factors that may contribute to increased AF exposure, and determine the prevalence of hepatitis virus infection in Bexar Co. Blood and urine samples were collected from 184 volunteers for biomarker analyses and hepatitis screening. Serum AFB₁-lysine adduct, urinary AFM₁ and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The average AFB₁-lysine adduct level detected in 20.6% of serums was 3.84 ± 3.11 pg/mg albumin (range 1.01-16.57 pg/mg). AFM₁ was detected in 11.7% of urines, averaging 223.85 ± 250.56 pg/mg creatinine (range 1.89-935.49 pg/mg). AFM₁ detection was associated with increased consumption of corn tortillas (p = 0.009), nuts (p = 0.033) and rice (p = 0.037). A significant difference was observed between mean 1-OHP values of non-smokers (0.07 ± 0.13) and smokers (0.80 ± 0.68) μmol/mol creatinine (p < 0.01). A high hepatitis C virus positivity rate (7.1%) was observed. Findings suggest that the incidence and level of AF and PAH exposure were less than those observed in a high-risk population; however, participants consuming higher amounts of foods prone to AF contamination may be more vulnerable to exposure and interactions with other environmental/biological factors (i.e., HCV).